Barack Obama speech to the Muslim world, 2009

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CONTENTS

Expectations

Context and preparation

Visit to Cairo

Reactions to the visit

References

External links

Cairo University, the site of U.S. President Barack Obama's June 4 speech to the Muslim world.

United States President Barack Obama delivered a major speech to the Muslim world from the Major Reception Hall at Cairo University in Cairo, Egypt on 4 June 2009 at 1:10 PM local time (6:10 AM EST).[1] The speech honors a promise Obama made during his presidential campaign to give a major address to Muslims from a Muslim capital during his first few months as president. The aim of the speech is to mend the United States' relations with the Muslim world, which were severely strained during the presidency of George W. Bush. White House Press Secretary Robert Gibbs has indicated that Egypt was chosen because "it is a country that in many ways represents the heart of the Arab world."[2] Analysts have highlighted the fact that Egypt is a key player in the Middle East peace process as well as a major recipient of American military and economic aid.[3]

Before Egypt was announced as the speech venue, there was intense media speculation about the location of the address. Jakarta, Rabat, Amman, Cairo, and Istanbul were all considered likely choices.[4] Mohammed Habib, the deputy leader of the Muslim Brotherhood, Egypt's largest opposition group, dismissed Obama's trip and said it would be "useless unless it is preceded by real change in the policies of the U.S. administration toward the Arab and Islamic world."[5]

Cairo University spokeswoman Galila Mukhtar told The New York Times that "we are very proud to host the president of the United States,"[6] with spokesman Sami Abdel Aziz adding that the speech would be delivered in the Major Reception Hall. Significant renovations are taking place at the college and final exams in a number of academic divisions have been postponed.

Expectations

There has been much speculation about this speech. Some thought President Obama would unveil in detail his highly expected plan on Middle East. In April and May 2009, the U.S. President had successively met King Abdullah,[7] Benyamin Netanyahu and Mahmoud Abbas to elaborate a peace plan in the Middle East. Arguments and ideas were exchanged during these three meetings, but few details were given about Obama's plan on the Middle East. Some thought the speech would be the opportunity to unveil it.

The plan would take most of the ideas present in the 2002 Saudi plan on Middle East. The plan may propose the creation of a Palestinian State with East Jerusalem as a capital city. The Palestinian State may not have military troops. They would not be able to sign military agreements, and conflicts with Israel would be resolved by negotiations. The City center of Jerusalem (the old city) would become an international city, run by the United Nations. Palestinian refugees of 1948 would get the guarantee to return to their land, with Palestinian citizenship.

Since he took office, Barack Obama has tried to please the Muslim world and Arab states, contrary to the policy led by his predecessor. He has supported the creation of a Palestinian State and announced he would engage negotiations with Iran. He also declared he opposed Israeli settlements and wanted to revive peace talks. In an interview to Al Arabiya, few days after his inauguration, President Obama declared: "my job to the Muslim world is to communicate that the Americans are not your enemy."[8]

Context and preparation

The speech occurs just after President Obama met the representatives of both Israel and the Palestinian Authorities. He had previously met King Abdullah on April 21 and Israeli President Shimon Peres on May 5.[9]

President Obama talking with Mahmoud Abbas at the White House on 28 May 2009.

He met Israeli Prime Minister Benyamin Netanyahu at the White House, on 19 May 2009. They discussed the peace process, the issue of Israelian settlements in Cisjordania and the Iranian threat. The meeting was a failure, no agreement were reached on these issues. While President Obama said a two state solution was a priority, Benyamin Netanyahou refused to support the creation of a Palestinian state. Netanyahou claimed the right of Israel to continue settlements, whereas the President had warned that the colonization should be stopped. Obama also asked Netanyahu not to launch military operations against Iran;[10] he had previously announced that he would engage discussions with that country.

Barack Obama also met Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas on 28 May. Barack Obama declared he was favorable to the creation of a Palestinian State. Mahmoud Abbas gave his counterpart a report containing ideas for the expected Obama plan on Middle East. Barack Obama said he would take this into account to elaborate his plan.[11]

Visit to Cairo

President Obama met with King Abdullah at the king’s ranch outside Riyadh, Saudi Arabia on his way to Cairo, Egypt. They discussed peace and economics. He stayed overnight at the ranch where the king of Saudi Arabia has many horses. While there, the president continued to prepare his speech to be given at Cairo University the next day.[12]

Reactions to the visit

While the speech was highly anticipated and generally acclaimed by the Muslim world, many extremist Muslims criticized it, even before it was delivered.

On 3 June, Al-Quaeda released a video, in which Osama Ben Laden strongly criticized Barack Obama's foreign policy in the Middle East. He said that Barack Obama "has followed the steps of his predecessor in antagonising Muslims ... and laying the foundation for long wars." He also added that "Obama and his administration have sowed new seeds of hatred against America."[13] One day before, a video of Al-Quaeda number two Ayman al-Zawahiri was posted to extremist websites, in which the leader criticized Obama's policy, declaring "his bloody messages were received and are still being received by Muslims, and they will not be concealed by public relations campaigns or by farcical visits or elegant words."[14]

President Obama was also criticized by Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who delivered a speech to mark the 20th anniversary of the death of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini a few hours before Barack Obama's speech. Ayatollah Khamenei commented on the pending U.S. President's speech declaring: "The nations of this part of the world... deeply hate America. Even if they give sweet and beautiful [speeches] to the Muslim nation that will not create change. Action is needed."[15]

References

1. ^ Jesse Lee (June 3, 2009). "The President in the Middle East". White House. http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/The-President-in-the-Middle-East/. Retrieved on 4 June 2009.

2. ^ Office of the Press Secretary (2009-05-08). "Briefing by White House Press Secretary Robert Gibbs". Whitehouse.gov. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Briefing-by-White-House-Press-Secretary-Robert-Gibbs-5-8-09/. Retrieved on 2009-05-10.

3. ^ Colvin, Ross (2009-05-08). "Obama to reach out to Muslims in Egypt speech". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/ObamaEconomy/idUSTRE54754920090508?feedType=RSS&feedName=ObamaEconomy&virtualBrandChannel=10441. Retrieved on 2009-05-10.

4. ^ Ghosh, Bobby (2009-03-24). "Behind Obama's Speech to the Muslim World". TIME. http://www.time.com/time/politics/article/0,8599,1887435,00.html. Retrieved on 2009-05-11.

5. ^ Sinan, Omar (2009-05-09). "Muslim Brotherhood: Obama's Egypt trip 'useless'". Associated Press. http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hQXQ_6Nz1q6L5o7P484RfbUE48vQD982UBA02. Retrieved on 2009-05-09.

6. ^ Slackman, Michael (2009-05-27). "An Ill-Kept Secret: The Site of Obama’s Egypt Speech". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/28/world/middleeast/28cairo.html?ref=middleeast. Retrieved on 2009-05-29.

7. ^ Office of the Press Secretary (April 21, 2009). "The President and King Abdullah on Peace in the Middle East". White House. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Remarks-by-President-Obama-and-King-Abdullah-of-Jordan-in-joint-press-availability/.

8. ^ Macon Phillips (27 January 2009). "President to Muslim World: "Americans are not your enemy"". White House. http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog_post/PresidenttoMuslimWorldAmericansarenotyourenemy/.

9. ^ Office of the Press Secretary (May 5, 2009). "Readout on President Obama’s Meeting with President Shimon Peres of Israel". White House. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Readout-on-President-Obamas-Meeting-with-President-Shimon-Peres-of-Israel/.

10. ^ Office of the Press Secretary (May 18, 2009). "Remarks by President Obama and Prime Minister Netanyahu of Israel". White House. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Remarks-by-President-Obama-and-Israeli-Prime-Minister-Netanyahu-in-press-availability/.

11. ^ Jesse Lee (28 May 2009). "Meeting with Abbas". White House. http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/Images-of-Abbas/. Retrieved on 2 June 2009.

12. ^ Christi Parsons and Mark Silva (June 4, 2009). "Apparent Osama bin Laden tape coincides with Obama visit". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-obama-saudi4-2009jun04,0,5079797.story.

13. ^ "Bin Laden pours scorn on Obama charm offensive". Agence France Presse. France 24. 3 June 2009. http://www.france24.com/en/20090603-osama-bin-laden-slams-obama-charm-offensive-middle-east-tour-cairo-speech-al-qaida-terrorism.

14. ^ "Al Qaeda number two hits out at Obama's 'bloody messages'". Agence France Presse. France 24. 2 June 2009. http://www.france24.com/en/20090602-al-qaeda-number-two-hits-out-obama-bloody-messages-ayman-al-zawahiri.

15. ^ "Barack Obama set for keynote Egypt speech". BBC News. BBC. 4 June 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8082333.stm. Retrieved on 4 June 2009.

External links

- White House live

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